Journal of Science and Engineering Applications
type: channel
description: The Journal of Science and Engineering Applications (JSEA) publishes peer-reviewed research across all fields of science, engineering, and technology. JSEA promotes the exchange of knowledge and innovation in applied sciences, engineering design, computation, materials, energy, and sustainable development.
publisher: Islamic University of Najaf
language: en
publication name: Journal of Science and Engineering Applications
items: An Investigation into the performance of Concrete Incorporating Calcite-Cement with Partial Replacement of Cement-by-Cement Kiln Dust
items: INCREASING THE PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFICIENCY BY USING AIR GUIDE IN COOLING SYSTEM: A NEW PRACTICAL STUDY
items: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A NOVEL SOLAR DESALINATION SYSTEM
items: ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF DOA ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES
items: REMOVAL OF SINGLE AND BINARY ORGANIC VAPORS FROM AIR BY ADSORPTION METHOD
items: PV PANEL WATER COOLING USING DIFFERENT JET NOZZLE DIAMETER
items: ENHANCEMENT ON THE RUPD SYSTEM OF HEAVY VEHICLE BY EVALUATION OF A HEAD INJURY CRITERIA
items: PLANNING OF CONSTRUCTION SITE LAYOUT: A REVIEW
items: STUDY SOME PROPERTIES OF REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE CONTAINING RUBBER TIRES WASTES
items: STUDY PROPERTIES OF REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE
items: PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WITH PALM OLEIN OIL BIODIESEL
items: KERBEROS PROTOCOL: HISTORY, STEPS, AND SECURITY ANALYSIS
items: ENHANCING THE DAILY YIELD OF SINGLE-SLOPE SOLAR STILL USING A PREHEATING WATER TANK
items: EFFECTS OF MATERIAL AND GEOMETRY ON COMPOSITE MATERIAL BEHAVIOR UNDER COMPRESSION
items: CONGESTION CONTROL AND ROUTING IMPROVEMENT IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK USING GENETIC ALGORITHM
items: PROJECT MANAGEMENT OFFICE: A SOLUTION TO OVERCOME KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN PROJECT-BASED ORGANIZATIONS
items: USING RUTA OIL TO PRODUCE BIOFUEL AND ITS EFFECT ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS
items: USE OF NANOMATERIALS TO IMPROVE MATERIAL PROPERTIES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
items: SUSPICIOUS PEOPLE DETECTION AND TRACKING IN THERMAL VIDEO USING MACHINE LEARNING: A SURVEY
items: SOME OF THE INNOVATIVE USES OF WASTE MATERIALS IN GROUNDWATER TREATMENT: A MINI-REVIEW OF NITRATE REMOVAL WITH RECYCLED RUBBER
items: OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF HELICAL COIL TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER WITH AIR INJECTION
items: UMERICAL ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE FIELD IN ND: YAG. LASER WELDING USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
items: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF FORCED CONVECTION FOR STAGGERED CYLINDERS SUBMERGED IN PACKED BED POROUS MEDIA
items: EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR STILL BY CHANGING THE SHAPE OF BASE
items: EXERGY OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTOR WITH NANOFLUID FLOWING UNDER CLIMATIC OF KIRKUK CITY
items: EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF CHANGING TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON THE PATIENT WITH JAUNDICE PERIUD OF STAY INSID
items: EVALUATION OF FORCED COOLING TOWER THERMAL PERFORMANCE
items: ENERGY EFFICIENT CLUSTERING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING ARITHMETIC OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM (AOA)
items: COMPARATIVE AERODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF A CONVENTIONAL AND SLOTTED WING USING ANSYS FLUENT SIMULATION
items: A REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF CARBONATION, CHLORINE, AND SULFUR ATTACKS ON REINFORCED CONCRETE

An Investigation into the performance of Concrete Incorporating Calcite-Cement with Partial Replacement of Cement-by-Cement Kiln Dust
type: item
description: This current work investigates the application of (CD) as an alternative to cement while making concrete at percentage 15%, 20%, and 25%, and the effect of combination of cement kiln dust (CKD) with calcite dust (CD) at percentage of 15% and various amounts of CKD 5%, 10%, and 15%. The findings indicate that excessive use of (CD), particularly at the 15% CD replacement, results in compressive strength reduced to a certain degree. Incorporation of (CKD) with (CD) improves later-age development of the concrete's strength. Furthermore with 25% CD, there is a reduction in absorption rate, indicating improved impermeability and durability. The inclusion of (CD) also enhances the corrosion Resilience of the concrete and makes it suitable for exposure in aggressive conditions. Conversely, it was discovered that at certain replacement level of CKD increases the vulnerability of the concrete to corrosion and at 15% CKD replacement the probability of corrosion become less underscores the need for careful optimization. Importantly, the incorporation of (CD) does not have a detrimental effect on the resilience of the concrete to the ingress of chloride ions. Additionally, the mixture of 15% CKD and 15% CD that offers a combined 30% cement replacement improves the resilience of the concrete against chloride ions. In this study, the capabilities of CD and CKD in the manufacture of concrete are highlighted, offering important insights on their individual and combined effects on mechanical characteristics and durability and hence promoting sustainability in the construction industry.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Calcite dust (CD), (CKD), Compressive strength, Durability, Corrosion resistance, Chloride penetration, Sustainable concrete
  topic: keywords
creator: Prof. Dr. Ali A. Altameemi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Dr. Ali A. Altameemi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-12-27
publication date: 2025-12-27

INCREASING THE PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFICIENCY BY USING AIR GUIDE IN COOLING SYSTEM: A NEW PRACTICAL STUDY
type: item
description: Reducing cell temperature is very important to improve cell efficiency and increase electrical output. This study indicates the need to reduce losses in the process of cooling the PV cell by controlling the air flow rate where the highest electrical efficiency of the cell at the airflow rate (0.049 kg/s). The results showed that the rate of reduction of the temperature of the cell reached (37.22%), and the temperature of the cell decreased by (22.2782 °C) as a result of cooling using air guides. The heat generated by the cooling process can be utilized in multiple applications as the difference between the inlet and outlet temperature of the air duct reached (13.717°C), and the increase in the thermal efficiency of the PV cell (68.7%).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Photovoltaic efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Air guide model
  topic: keywords
subject: solar energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Air cooling technique
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Alsayah
creator: Mahdi Aboaltabooq
creator: Murtadha Mohammed
creator: Ridha Hussein
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ahmed Mohsin Alsayah, Mahdi Hatf Kadhum Aboaltabooq, Murtadha Saeed Mohammed, Ridha Hasan Hussein (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-09-30
publication date: 2022-09-30

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A NOVEL SOLAR DESALINATION SYSTEM
type: item
description: The shortage of potable water is the biggest problem of the world in this century because of the population growth and unsustainable water consumption rates. About half of the world’s population in 88 developing countries are affected by water crises which results in 80-90% of all diseases and 30% of all deaths. Since water shortage is directly related to poverty, low cost, especially solar, seawater desalination methods can help alleviate this trouble. In which present research, an experimental study was presented for a novel stepwise solar still accompanied by two units, a compound parabolic solar collector as a preheater and heat exchanger after condenser. A computer model has been developed, according to thermal energy balance equations to predict the transient performance of the system. The experimental in this study was achieved by constructing the test rig that verify the theoretical results by practically real field testing. Results achieved from this study demonstrate clearly the importance of rising the feed (saline water) temperature, increasing the condensation surface area and further heating of evaporation surface; Using new still absorber design, that increase the system productivity (91.3%) compared with the conventional solar still yield. This shows obviously that solar still output is affected largely by changing design parameters.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Desalination
  topic: keywords
subject: solar still
  topic: keywords
subject: seawater
  topic: keywords
subject: stepwise
  topic: keywords
subject: CPC
  topic: keywords
creator: Merwa Alhadrawi
creator: Reza Husseini
creator: Amir Arefian
creator: Vahid Kalkhorani
creator: Armin khazaei
creator: Dilshad Alhadrawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Merwa Alhadrawi, Reza Husseini, Amir Arefian, Vahid Ahmadi Kalkhorani, Armin khazaei, Dilshad A.H.Alhadrawi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-09-30
publication date: 2022-09-30

ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF DOA ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES
type: item
description: Detecting direction of arrival (DoA) using array antenna is considered as common challenge in different typeS of applications, such as sonar, radar, wireless communications. DoA estimation plays an important role in direction finding applications. Further, effective DoA estimation technique is the primary requirements for smart antenna system to realize beam forming technique. Multiple signal classification (MUSIC) and Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance (ESPRIT) algorithms have been widely studied, and they are considered as fundamental for the majority of the DoA methods in literature. In this paper, the principal of DoA estimations is presented. The main focus of the current paper is on the classical methods (Bartletts and MVDR), MUSIC and ESPRIT algorithms. Review of various efforts that have been made to enhance the performance of these algorithms was acheived. Then compared their performances using simulation results. Further, applying MUSIC algorithm to estimate the frequency of the multiple incident signals. The results show that MUSIC algorithm has higher resolution compared to other presented techniques. It is also shown that the accuracy of ESPRIT method is mainly rely on the number of antenna elements. Finally, the principle of Eigenvalues-based method was proposed. It is shown that this method has good resolution with very low complexity as it does not need decomposition of covariance matrix.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: DoA, MUSIC
  topic: keywords
subject: Radar
  topic: keywords
subject: ESPRIT
  topic: keywords
subject: Bartletts
  topic: keywords
subject: MVDR
  topic: keywords
creator: H Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 H. K. Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-09-30
publication date: 2022-09-30

REMOVAL OF SINGLE AND BINARY ORGANIC VAPORS FROM AIR BY ADSORPTION METHOD
type: item
description: Removal of isopropyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol vapors from air by activated carbon was carried out. The equilibrium data for single component systen1s were obtained at different temperatures 301, 308, 3 J9 and 327 K. The equilibrium data for binary system was found at temperature 319 K. The equilibrium isotherm results for single and binary components fit very well with Langmuir's isotherm. The effect of the inlet concentration on the dynamic capacity, MTZ velocity, MTZ length and thermal wave velocity was studied for single and binary systems. Empirical correlations describing these variables were determined. A mathematical model was used to predict the breakthrough curves and temperature profiles. These results were in good agreement with the experimental results.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: adsorption isopropyl alcohol
  topic: keywords
subject: isobutyl alcohol
  topic: keywords
creator: Abbas Sulaymon
creator: Addy E. Basso Addy E. Basso
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Abbas H. Sulaymon, Addy E. Basso (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-09-30
publication date: 2022-09-30

PV PANEL WATER COOLING USING DIFFERENT JET NOZZLE DIAMETER
type: item
description: Power conversion in PV cells is limited to 15-20% from the incident radiation. That conversion Suffers a severe drop with the rise of the PV cell temperature by 0.45~0.5% for each degree centigrade rise. The primary objective of this study is to reduce the cell temperature using front face cooling. A CFD model has been designed using COMSPL Multiphysics 5.3 to investigate the effect of water input temperature and the change of the water flow rate. A physical model was also utilized using two 330 PV panels for comparing the results at the same environmental conditions. The study shows that the PV cell efficiency could be increased by 22.8% using a 2 mm nozzle diameter and 4 L.P.M water flow rates.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: PV efficiency enhancement
  topic: keywords
subject: photovoltaic cooling
  topic: keywords
subject: PV power conversion
  topic: keywords
subject: solar energy
  topic: keywords
subject: water film cooling
  topic: keywords
subject: efficiency enhancement
  topic: keywords
creator: Ridha Hasan
creator: Mahdi Aboaltabooq
creator: Ahmed alsayah
creator: Zahraa Jaafar
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Ridha Hasan, Mahdi hatf Kadhum Aboaltabooq, Ahmed mohsin alsayah, Zahraa Abdulkareem Jaafar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-09-30
publication date: 2022-09-30

ENHANCEMENT ON THE RUPD SYSTEM OF HEAVY VEHICLE BY EVALUATION OF A HEAD INJURY CRITERIA
type: item
description: Crashworthiness improvement of under-ride guard system of heavy vehicle design is a highly challenge duty to save passengers life and prevent sever injures of small car in collisions. As a consequence of absence or lack of the powerful under-run guard connected to the rear, side of trucks, trailers and semi-trailers, back under-ride accidents are in charge of a huge death numbers in all the world. This study concentrates on improving Rear Underrun Protection Device (RUPD) structure utilizing Finite Element Analysis apparatus like LS-DYNA. Two designs of under-ride guard devise crushed using Toyota Yaris (2010) with different impact speeds 45km/h and 63km/h. A zero passenger compartment intrusion (PCI) is accomplished with the investment of the recently outlined under-ride guard for rear of trucks. The new under-ride guard model is validated utilizing FMVSS 223/224 regulations. The new design achieved the goal of decreasing the acceleration beyond the limits, which leads to decrease the head injury criteria (HIC) to (373.250).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: RUPD
  topic: keywords
subject: LS-DYNA
  topic: keywords
subject: Head injury criteria (HIC)
  topic: keywords
subject: FMVSS 223/224
  topic: keywords
creator: Zeid Albahash
creator: Ali Alasadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Zeid Fadel Albahash, Ali Abdul Mohsen Alasadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-09-30
publication date: 2022-09-30

PLANNING OF CONSTRUCTION SITE LAYOUT: A REVIEW
type: item
description: In the recent years, researchers have been interested in planning of layout of projects´ site since it is a basic factor for a successful project undertaking. Projects´ sites comprise temporary facilities and heavy construction equipment that share the same space or may require the same area of construction site, therefore, construction site should be organized well, so that construction activity will be in its full swing. The site layout planning process includes identifying the needed temporary facilities for supporting operations of construction, specifying their shapes and sizes, and optimizing their positions within the boundaries of sites. In this review, a number of methods and techniques used for construction site layout planning are reviewed and discussed, the frequent problems at construction sites are included, the ways of improving the efficiency of planning of sites layout are listed and discussed. The advantages of good planning of sites layout and the effects of neglecting sites layout planning are reviewed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Construction site
  topic: keywords
subject: Jobsite layout
  topic: keywords
subject: Temporary facilities
  topic: keywords
subject: Productivity, Safety
  topic: keywords
creator: Al Kulabi Kamil
creator: Al Zahid Adnan
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Al Kulabi Ahmed Kamil, Al Zahid Ali Adnan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-09-30
publication date: 2022-09-30

STUDY SOME PROPERTIES OF REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE CONTAINING RUBBER TIRES WASTES
type: item
description: Recycled solid wastes like rubber are one of the issues that impose a significant environmental challenge as a result of the rapid population growth. The reactive powder concrete is experimentally studied with rubber tire waste to replace some of the fine aggregate. In this study, four mixtures were casted and test (slump, absorption, density and compressive strength test). Four different ratio of rubber waste (0 % ,5%, 10% and 15%). The results of the slump test showed that the increase was used rubber tires wastes led to increase the slump of the mixture. This increase is due to the fact that the water covers the rubber particles, which in turn leads to reduction in friction between the components of the concrete mix. The results of the compression strength tests showed that. the increase of the rubber tires wastes ratio from 0% to 5% to 10% ,15% led to decrease the compressive strength by 13.02%, 36.56% and 37.87% respectively at age 28days. The results of the absorption test showed that the increase of the rubber tires wastes ratio from 0 to 5% to 10% to15% led to increase the absorption ratio by 7.91%, 11.76% and 13.79% respectively age 28days. results of the absorption test showed that the increase of the rubber tires wastes ratio from 0 to 5% to 10% to15% led to increase the absorption ratio by 7.91%, 11.76% and 13.79% respectively age 28days.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Reactive powder concrete
  topic: keywords
subject: Rubber tires
  topic: keywords
subject: Silica fume
  topic: keywords
subject: Polymer Fibers
  topic: keywords
subject: Superplasticizer
  topic: keywords
creator: Sokaina Kadhim
creator: Ibtihal Lafta
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Sokaina Isaa Kadhim, Ibtihal Mouiad Lafta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30

STUDY PROPERTIES OF REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE
type: item
description: Reactive powder concrete is a result of developing process in concrete technology. It is a new type of composite material satisfying the increasing demands for high strength, high durability, offering superior ductility and workability . In this experimental study, four mixtures were casted and testing ( slump test, absorption test, density test and compressive strength test). Four different ratio of polymer fibers were used (0 %,0.5% , 1% and 1.5%). The results of the slump test showed that the increasing of the polymer fibers ratio led to decrease the amount of slump. The results of the compression strength tests showed that the increasing of the polymer fibers ratio from 0% to 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% led to decrease the compressive strength by (7.49% , 13.40% and 19.66% ) consequently at age 28days. The results of the absorption test showed that showed that the increasing of the polymer fibers ratio from 0 % to 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% led to increase the absorption ratio by ( 3.29% , 5.81% and 7.34 % ) consequently at age. The results of the density test showed the increasing of the polymer fibers ratio led to decrease the dry and wet density.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Reactive powder concrete
  topic: keywords
subject: Silica fume
  topic: keywords
subject: Polymer Fibers
  topic: keywords
subject: Superplasticizer
  topic: keywords
creator: Ibtihal Lafta
creator: Sokaina Kadhim
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Ibtihal Mouiad Lafta, Sokaina Isaa Kadhim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30

PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WITH PALM OLEIN OIL BIODIESEL
type: item
description: Increasing demand for petroleum diesel, long to increase in harmful air pollution. Excessive use of diesel fuel, present an opportunity to develop environmentally friendly and renewable fuels for current diesel engines that have not been upgraded. The effects of using biodiesel, generated from palm olein oil and derived through transesterification, along with biodiesel and diesel fuels blends in varying percentages, as a fuel in a TD202, a small air-cooled single-cylinder diesel engine. According to the results of the experiments, as the biodiesel percentage in the blend increased, compared to fossil diesel, thermal efficiency declined by 2.84% and specific fuel consumption increased by 0.0438 kg/kW-h for B100. Moreover, the result obtained from the emissions analysis reflects that the average carbon monoxide (CO) value decreased by 0.03 % vol., hydrocarbon (HC) value decreased by 6ppm, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission increased by 1.4 % vol. for the given load, and nitrogen oxides (NOX) increased by 262 ppm, indicating that the mixture was stable in comparison with fossil diesel.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biodiesel
  topic: keywords
subject: Acid-Catalyzed Esterification
  topic: keywords
subject: Transesterification
  topic: keywords
subject: Engine exhaust emissions
  topic: keywords
subject: Performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammed ALKaaby
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Mohammed H. ALKaaby (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30

KERBEROS PROTOCOL: HISTORY, STEPS, AND SECURITY ANALYSIS
type: item
description: Kerberos is a widely used authentication protocol that provides secure access to network resources by authenticating users and services. This paper provides an overview of the Kerberos protocol, its history, and its steps. The Kerberos protocol was initially developed at MIT in the 1980s to solve the problem of authentication in distributed systems. It has since become a widely adopted protocol in enterprise networks and is implemented in many operating systems and applications. This paper outlines the steps involved in the Kerberos protocol, including authentication, authorization, and ticket granting. It also covers the security features of the protocol, including encryption, mutual authentication, and delegation. The research on Kerberos protocol has mainly focused on improving its security, scalability, and usability. Various researchers have proposed different enhancements to the Kerberos protocol to address its weaknesses, such as using stronger encryption algorithms, improving the key distribution process, and implementing additional security features. Furthermore, this paper discusses the most important attacks on the Kerberos protocol, such as the Golden Ticket attack, Password guessing attacks and Replay attacks. These attacks exploit vulnerabilities in the protocol to gain unauthorized access to network resources or impersonate users or services. The paper also presents the countermeasures and mitigations that can be employed to prevent these attacks and improve the overall security of the Kerberos protocol.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kerberos Protocol
  topic: keywords
subject: Authentication
  topic: keywords
subject: Authorization
  topic: keywords
subject: Ticket Granting
  topic: keywords
subject: Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Encryption
  topic: keywords
subject: Mutual Authentication, Attacks
  topic: keywords
creator: Hassan Al-Jawahry
creator: Sahar Kadum
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Hassan M. Al-Jawahry, Sahar Adill Kadum (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30

ENHANCING THE DAILY YIELD OF SINGLE-SLOPE SOLAR STILL USING A PREHEATING WATER TANK
type: item
description: Single slope solar still is one of the most popular water purifiers. This paper investigated heat transfer processes that occur inside the solar still numerically and experimentally In addition, attempts to improve productivity have been studied. Comsol Multiphysics software (v5.5) was used to develop a 3D mathematical model to examine the considered developments. Four different heating tank designs (sphere, half sphere, con, and rectangular) were compared as an optimization step. The studies have also considered the volume of the tank to choose to best one among the proposed volumes. The experimental study included the manufacturing of a water heating tank and its integration with a solar still. An improvement of (35%) was obtained when designing a halfsphere tank with a volume of 2.5 times that of a conventional solar still (CSS).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Single slope solar still
  topic: keywords
subject: solar energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Comsol
  topic: keywords
subject: Preheating
  topic: keywords
creator: Zahraa Faisal
creator: Mustafa Faisal
creator: Zahraa Saleh
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Zahraa A. Faisal, Mustafa.D.Faisal, Zahraa Saleh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30

EFFECTS OF MATERIAL AND GEOMETRY ON COMPOSITE MATERIAL BEHAVIOR UNDER COMPRESSION
type: item
description: The use of light, cheap natural fibres instead of heavy ,expensive materials can reduce noise, increase strength, and reduce fuel consumption in automotive application. This research explores the potential for gradually replacing metallic materials with natural and hybrid fiber . The simplest and common technique hand layup is utilized to study the performance of fiber reinforced epoxy composite tubes under static compression to investigate the effect of using hybrid fibers on the failure mechanism. This study investigates the effects on stress and strain using different types of fibers after determining the tube load-displacement curves. A total of 24 samples are prepared at room temperature and tested at a constant speed of 1.5 mm/s using one resin type (epoxy) and two fiber types (Kevlar, jute). Two circular and square geometries of three heights (200mm, 250mm, 300mm), two circular diameters and two square sides are used to investigate the crashworthiness parameters. Replacing two layers of Kevlar fiber by two layers of natural jute fiber enhanced the crash worthiness parameters particularly, failure type. The hybrid jute / Kevlar accomplished desirable results, especially the circular tube.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Energy absorption
  topic: keywords
subject: Hybrid fiber
  topic: keywords
subject: Kevlar fiber
  topic: keywords
subject: Jute fiber
  topic: keywords
subject: Hand layup
  topic: keywords
subject: Crash worthiness
  topic: keywords
creator: Zeid Albahash
creator: Ali Alasadi
creator: Ameer mohsin
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Zeid Fadel Albahash, Ali Abdul Mohsen Alasadi, Ameer majid mohsin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30

CONGESTION CONTROL AND ROUTING IMPROVEMENT IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK USING GENETIC ALGORITHM
type: item
description: At present, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are applied as a paradigm in environments where the use of conventional sensor networks is impossible. Many characteristics of WSNs make it suitable to apply, such as low power consumption, mobility of sensors, and the ability to deploy on a large scale but, when the size of these wireless networks increases, some challenges need appropriate solutions, and one of these challenges is the congestion. Congestion occurs when the network is more than the available capacity at any network point. The cause of congestion can also be attributed to the nature of wireless sensors and the nature of the data transmitted through these sensors. For this purpose, it is necessary to analyze the layers of these networks specifically (transport layer) properly and provide appropriate mechanisms for communicating information through the sensor network for each layer. The discovery of congestion is significant for the effective utilization of network resources to balance traffic load balancing. In this paper, we propose the use of the genetic algorithm for routing knowledge of congestion control and interference in WSNs where we defined two objective functions which are reduced packet transmission delay and the expected transmission number to reach the destination. The results of the simulation show that the response time of the two-objective genetic algorithm is shorter than the basic genetic algorithm.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Overcrowding Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Routing Improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Network
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic Algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: Effective Utilization of Resources, Load Balancing
  topic: keywords
creator: Raed Alabedy
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Raed Hamid Alabedy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30

PROJECT MANAGEMENT OFFICE: A SOLUTION TO OVERCOME KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN PROJECT-BASED ORGANIZATIONS
type: item
description: over the past decade, the growing complexity and diversity of projects worldwide has driven project-oriented organizations to adopt a project-focused approach. These organizations generate enormous amounts of knowledge from their projects; however, they typically do not fully benefit from the knowledge gained from previous or similar projects, and they remain at risk of losing this knowledge when project teams disband. This research aims to address this issue and propose solutions by presenting the challenges of knowledge management within project-focused organizations and suggesting the Project Management Office (PMO) as the most effective solution to overcome these challenges. To achieve this, an extensive literature review was conducted on related studies, and a comprehensive theoretical framework was developed emphasizing the role of the PMO in addressing the challenges of implementing knowledge management and applying lessons learned in project-based organizations. The findings indicate that, due to its connection to all organizational projects, the PMO can function as a bridge linking various knowledge streams across project teams and business units. This, in turn, supports overcoming the challenges associated with implementing knowledge management in project-oriented organizations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mohammad Shabib
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammad Shabib (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30

USING RUTA OIL TO PRODUCE BIOFUEL AND ITS EFFECT ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS
type: item
description: This study experimentally investigates the effects of using biodiesel made from Ruta oil in combination with diesel fuel, on diesel engine performance. The blending ratio of the prepared Ruta methyl ester (RME) biodiesel with nominal diesel fuel might range from 10% to 30% by volume. The experimental study focuses on diesel engines operating at a steady speed and exposed to varying loads. The results show that adding RME biodiesel slightly lowers the BTE and enhances the BSFC and BSEC. Using data gathered from tests. Experimental results showed that a 20% RME biodiesel blend produced the best results, with HC and CO emissions dropping dramatically as the blend percentage increased. The results show that adding nanoparticles somewhat increased the BTE while decreasing the BSFC. The results acquired are confirmed by comparing them to those reported by other researchers operating under the same conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ruta
  topic: keywords
subject: Castor methyl ester
  topic: keywords
subject: biodiesel
  topic: keywords
subject: Engine Performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Nabil Farhan
creator: Hyder Balla
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Nabil kashawi Farhan, Hyder H. Balla (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30

USE OF NANOMATERIALS TO IMPROVE MATERIAL PROPERTIES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
type: item
description: This research focuses on the one known application of enhancing concrete properties through the incorporation of nanomaterials an important construction material. The study also emphasises the role of nanomaterials in improving the microstructure of concrete and, hence, its strength, durability, and sustainability. The utilisation of nanomaterial in construction materials, especially concrete, is a great development towards augmentation of construction practises performance and sustainability. This research assesses the possibility of utilising nanomaterials to enhance the mechanical properties, durability and decrease the effects on the environment. At the same time, the study also turns to the problems of nanomaterial utilisation, with emphasis at the adverse effects on human health and environmental impact. Based on a review of the currently available literatures, the research res appears to be justified since it seeks to select suitable nanomaterials for construction utilisation, and evaluate the consequent alterations of material performance parameters, and the impact of the resultant modifications on sustainable construction technologies. The results provide an argument in favour of the further development of nanotechnology, along with doing more studies to prove that using nanomaterials will help to improve the properties of concrete. That mean greater performance of structural elements more light weight and more resistance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nanomaterials
  topic: keywords
subject: Concrete
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical Properties
  topic: keywords
subject: Health risks
  topic: keywords
subject: Construction Materials
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanotechnology
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammed Malallah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammed Abdul-Kareem Malallah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30

SUSPICIOUS PEOPLE DETECTION AND TRACKING IN THERMAL VIDEO USING MACHINE LEARNING: A SURVEY
type: item
description: In recent years, the global rise in crimes involving weapons has become more pronounced, particularly in areas with weak law enforcement or where firearm possession is legal. To address this issue, early identification of suspicious behavior related to weapon possession is crucial, enabling law enforcement agencies to take swift action. While the human visual system is highly advanced and capable of processing images quickly and accurately, prolonged observation of similar visual data can lead to fatigue and reduced attentiveness. Additionally, large-scale surveillance systems with numerous cameras require extensive monitoring teams, which drives up operational costs. Several automatic weapon detection solutions based on computer vision have been proposed, but their performance remains limited in challenging environments. A systematic review of current literature on deep learning-based weapon detection was conducted to assess the methods employed, the characteristics of existing datasets, and the key challenges in automatic weapon detection. The most frequently utilized models were Faster R-CNN and YOLO architectures, and the integration of realistic images with synthetic data showed improved detection accuracy. Major challenges include poor lighting conditions and difficulties in detecting small weapons, with the latter being particularly significant. The focus of this review is to examine the methods used for detecting and tracking weapons using deep learning techniques.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: RGB Video_ Suspicious People dataset
  topic: keywords
subject: object detection algorithms
  topic: keywords
subject: object tracking algorithms
  topic: keywords
creator: Hassanein albakaa
creator: Ali Abdulkarem Alrammahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Hassanein yarob albakaa, Ali Abdulkarem Habib Alrammahi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30

SOME OF THE INNOVATIVE USES OF WASTE MATERIALS IN GROUNDWATER TREATMENT: A MINI-REVIEW OF NITRATE REMOVAL WITH RECYCLED RUBBER
type: item
description: One of the most urgent environmental issues is groundwater pollution, especially in relation to nitrate removal, which presents significant dangers to human health and the environment. In order to address nitrate contamination in groundwater, this review examines creative and sustainable methods that make use of waste materials, specifically recycled rubber from discarded tires. Based on experimental and field performance, the article covers many approaches that have been developed employing recycled rubber as an adsorbent for nitrate and evaluates their efficacy. It also emphasizes the chemical and physical characteristics of recycled rubber, such as particle size, surface changes, and interaction parameters, that improve its effectiveness in removing nitrate. With the help of this thorough analysis, the study offers recommendations for improving recycled rubber's performance as a long-term and practical remedy for nitrate contamination. It also calls for more investigation and development to increase the system's effectiveness in a range of groundwater conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Aya Khalid
creator: Haneen A. Kh. Karaghool Haneen A. Kh. Karaghool
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Aya M. Khalid, Haneen A. Kh. Karaghool (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30

OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF HELICAL COIL TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER WITH AIR INJECTION
type: item
description: Heat transfer is performed experimentally in the outer coil insulation and the externally finned coil. Experiments are performed with a total height of 50 cm and an inside diameter of 1.5 cm. A length of approx. 4 m and an inside diameter of 0.44 cm were used with with external small fins (approx. 266 fin) During the experiments, three different hot water flow rates and five different cold water flow rates were tested with a constant temperature difference (∆T = 20 ℃). The temperature distribution along the heating equipment and the heating rate were determined and discussed. The results showed that the temperature of the projectile increased with altitude, which was positively affected by the flow of the projectile mass. The accepted value of the lateral rotational speed of the front was determined in accordance with the current operating conditions. Finally, the heat transfer rate was significantly affected by the mass rate of coil side.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: heat exchanger
  topic: keywords
subject: coil tube
  topic: keywords
subject: air injection bubbles
  topic: keywords
subject: sparger
  topic: keywords
creator: Muna Talib
creator: Ali Baqir
creator: Ahmed Hammodi Ali Ahmed Hammodi Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Muna Ali Talib, Ali Shaqir Baqir, Ahmed Hammodi Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30

UMERICAL ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE FIELD IN ND: YAG. LASER WELDING USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
type: item
description: In present study stainless steel 316L grade was chosen for joining using 400w Nd-YAG laser beam welding process. 2D transient thermal-structural numerical simulation model was developed to simulate the complete laser welding process. The effect of each parameter has been studied numerically. The optimized values of process parameters are utilized to get the thermal profiles and heat affected zone using finite element simulations. The finite element calculation of process was carried out by a parametric design language APDL available in the ANSYS finite element code. The temperature values obtained using finite element simulation match reasonably well with an error of 12% hence the developed simulated model can be used to study related parameters.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Temperature field
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite-element analyze
  topic: keywords
subject: Numerical simulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Amit sharma
creator: Nitish Singh
creator: Avinash Namdev
creator: Rupak Deb
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Amit sharma, Nitish kumar Singh, Avinash Kumar Namdev, Rupak Kumar Deb (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF FORCED CONVECTION FOR STAGGERED CYLINDERS SUBMERGED IN PACKED BED POROUS MEDIA
type: item
description: Heat transfer in porous media is a topic that has received great attention in the scientific community in recent decades. In this work, the effect of changing the diameters and porous materials on the heat transfer rate and pressure drop in an iron channel with cross-sectional dimensions (10 × 10) cm and length (240 cm) was studied at Reynolds numbers between (1100 to 2250) with a constant heat flux of 2000 W/m2, and the cross sectional dimensions of the test section were (10 × 10) cm, and the length was (30) cm numerically. Three porous materials with different diameters are used, Alumina with diameter (4-6 mm), Silica Gel with diameter (4-2 mm) and Molecular sieve with diameter (3-2 mm). The air flow directed through eight rows of cylinders in staggered arrangement, each with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 10 cm, immersed in a porous packed bed. The results showed that Alumina partial has a greater capacity to absorb the heat generated around the cylinders because it has greater thermal conductivity and porosity than Silica Gel and Molecular sieve. According to research, increasing air velocity from 0.187 m/s to 0.35 m/s increases the mass flow rate; resulting in a large heat transfer between the airflow and the cylinders. Also, the increase of the diameter of the porous particles, is decreases in the pressure drop.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Heat transfer
  topic: keywords
subject: Porous packed beds
  topic: keywords
subject: submerged cylinders
  topic: keywords
subject: staggered patterns
  topic: keywords
creator: Enas Khudhair
creator: Dhamyaa Khudhur
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Enas Khudhair, Dhamyaa. Khudhur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR STILL BY CHANGING THE SHAPE OF BASE
type: item
description: Improving the productivity of solar distillers is of great importance because of its dependence on solar energy, which is available to all, environmentally friendly, free of pollutants and at a low cost. An experimental study of more than one solar distiller at one time was carried out in order to find out the effect of changing the shape of the base of the distiller on the amount of fresh water produced by the solar distiller. The experiment was conducted in Najaf (32.0107º N, 44.3265º E), Iraq. Two forms of the base were used, the square-shaped base solar still (SSS) and the all-new pentagonal base solar still (PSS). The results showed that the productivity of the new pentagonal base solar distiller is higher than that of the conventional solar distiller. As the rate of increase in daily production at a water height of 1 cm for PSS1 increased by 30.952% and 14.285% for PSS2.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Solar Distiller
  topic: keywords
subject: Solar Energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Desalination
  topic: keywords
subject: Solar Still
  topic: keywords
subject: Pentagonal Base
  topic: keywords
creator: Karrar Ali Tweij
creator: Ghassan Smaisim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Karrar Haider Ali Tweij, Ghassan F. Smaisim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30

EXERGY OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTOR WITH NANOFLUID FLOWING UNDER CLIMATIC OF KIRKUK CITY
type: item
description: Thermosiphon flow of flat plate solar collector (FPC) is one of the economic strategies of renewable energy. The aim of this study is to reduce the exergy destruction and improve energy efficiency of FPC under climatic conditions of Iraq. The CuO nanoparticles suspended in pure water has been utilized due to high thermal properties with 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% volume concentrations. Results show that the outlet temperature is increased with increasing solar radiation earlier then decreased after 12 P.M. similar behavior of solar radiation. The thermal efficiency is increased as solar radiation increased then decreased after 12 P.M. as the solar radiation behavior. It was noticed that the efficiency of using nanofluids has the same behavior as using purified water with deviation 15%. The amount of 1.0 vol% of nanofluid with pure water as the working fluid reaches the greatest thermal efficiency which is 69.06%. The 1% nanofluids concentration has better efficiency. The results show up the nanofluids was better than pure water due to their dispersion and thermophysical property predictions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Adnan Hussein
creator: Maryam Hameed
creator: H Ali
creator: A Awad
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Adnan M. Hussein, Maryam A. Hameed, H. H. M. Ali, A.T. Awad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30

EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF CHANGING TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON THE PATIENT WITH JAUNDICE PERIUD OF STAY INSID
type: item
description: Hyperthermia occurs during intensive phototherapy and disrupts treatment. Several studies have documented an increase in trans-epidermal water loss during phototherapy. The main goal of this study is to measure temperature and humidity by using Arduino uno system inside incubator and to find out whether there was an effect of these measurements on the period of patient’s stay inside incubator. This is a descriptive cross-sectional case study done on 67 patients with neonatal jaundice who are stayed in incubators and undergoing phototherapy. This study conducted in Babylon Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children, and Al-Noor Hospital for Children at the period from 1 April, 2022 to 1 May 2022. the temperature and humidity of 67 patients with jaundice was compared to the time spent in the incubator, Average humidity is higher significantly in relation to the increase length of stay in the incubator. When phototherapy is directed over an incubator, immediate and sustained fluctuations can occur in the thermal environment. Thermal instability can occur when using either the skin- or air-control mode of the incubator. Maintaining fluid balance by increasing incubator humidity might also be counterproductive, especially if high levels of humidity are used.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Humidity
  topic: keywords
subject: Neonatal Jaundice
  topic: keywords
subject: Phototherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Temperature
  topic: keywords
creator: Nabeel abdulameer
creator: Abdullah booshe
creator: Ahmed jasam
creator: Ahmed yossif
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Nabeel dheyaa abdulameer, Abdullah abdulhusein booshe, Ahmed asad jasam, Ahmed Mohamed yossif (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30

EVALUATION OF FORCED COOLING TOWER THERMAL PERFORMANCE
type: item
description: This article discusses an experimental analysis of the heating effectiveness of a forced cooling tower (WCT) using dimensions (15X15X80) cm, as well as the effect of water inlet temperatures (60, 50, 55, 40, 45, 35) degrees Celsius, different air velocities (2.15, 15.3, 4) m/s, and water flow rates (4, 6, 8, 10) liters/min, where the current work addressed an experimental investigation of the efficacy of the evaporative cooling tower. for pure water. Using cardboard packaging with holes and inclined divisions of (15X15X60) cm, which provides a uniform distribution of water to augment the surface area for heat and mass transmission process, the experimental Results indicated the thermal performance, cooling rate (range), approach, and tower efficacy, and cooling capacity are affected by, he elements listed above, as well as the fact that raising the temperature of the incoming water water increases the cooling rate, increasing the approach increases the water flow rate, and decreasing the efficacy. At a temperature rise of (55, 60) Celsius and a flow rate of 4 liters/min, the cooling rate rose by 5%, while the efficiency improved by 6%.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: cooling tower
  topic: keywords
subject: performance
  topic: keywords
subject: effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: pure water
  topic: keywords
creator: Yassin Mustafa
creator: Adnan Hussein
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Yassin Mohammed Mustafa, Adnan Mohammed Hussein (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30

ENERGY EFFICIENT CLUSTERING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING ARITHMETIC OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM (AOA)
type: item
description: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are collections of small, low-value nodes prepared with sensors, processor, transceiver, and power gadgets that may set up wi-fi communication. One of the primary demanding situations in WSNs is electricity intake. Clustering is an powerful method for reducing strength intake in wireless sensor networks with the aid of grouping nodes into clusters and choosing a subset of nodes as cluster heads liable for records aggregation and transmission. In this research, an energy-inexperienced clustering technique is proposed for wireless sensor networks the usage of an optimization set of regulations to cope with the electricity consumption hassle. The proposed approach makes use of the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) to optimize the clustering approach and reduce power intake. The set of rules starts via randomly assigning nodes to clusters and iteratively improves the answer via mathematics operators together with addition, subtraction, multiplication, and department. The efficiency of the solution is evaluated based on the fitness function which considers the energy consumption of each node and the distance between nodes. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing clustering algorithms in terms of energy efficiency, and maintains high network availability and connectivity The proposed method has the potential to be controlled role in applications in WSNs where energy efficiency is an important factor.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Wireless Sensor Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Clustering
  topic: keywords
subject: Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy Efficiency
  topic: keywords
creator: Abrar Ryadh
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Abrar Ryadh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30

COMPARATIVE AERODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF A CONVENTIONAL AND SLOTTED WING USING ANSYS FLUENT SIMULATION
type: item
description: This study investigates the aerodynamic efficiency of two wing designs: a conventional solid wing and a slotted wing with a longitudinal gap. Computational simulations were conducted using ANSYS Fluent to evaluate and compare the aerodynamic performance of both configurations. The slotted wing design is hypothesized to enhance airflow dynamics, potentially reducing drag and increasing lift. The results of the simulation are analyzed based on key performance parameters such as lift-to-drag ratio, pressure distribution, and airflow patterns. The findings aim to provide insights into the benefits and limitations of the slotted wing design for improving aerodynamic efficiency in various applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Hasan AL-Dabaagh
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Hasan.f.AL-Dabaagh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30

A REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF CARBONATION, CHLORINE, AND SULFUR ATTACKS ON REINFORCED CONCRETE
type: item
description: Concrete is the material that has the greatest versatility and widespread use in construction worldwide. The durability of concrete structures has become a major concern in recent years . Particularly in environments with high levels of aggression. Traditionally, a large number of natural and Chemical admixtures are used to enhance concrete's properties. In the majority of concrete failures are caused by mistakes in material design and installation . workmanship, environmental impact, usage, and poor maintenance strategy are all factors to consider. The durability of concrete can be influenced by a range of physical and chemical factors. Relevant choice of Concrete's strength and durability can be improved by adding admixture . The purpose of this paper is to review the literature of several published studies on the impact of chemicals aggression to reinforced concrete structures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Zahraa Abdul-Hussein
creator: Aqil Kadhim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Zahraa Abdul-Hussein, Aqil Mousa Kadhim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30