Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing: Processes, Materials, And Applications

Abstract

Among many additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, vat photopolymerization (VPP) is regarded as a highly successful and viable 3D printing approach for the fabrication of high-resolution, geometrically complex and multi-functional parts directly from computerized digital models. The aim of this narrative review is to illustrate the influence of material formulation, process parameters and post-processing conditions on mechanical, biological and functional performance. Structural fidelity, bioactivity and tailored functionalities including mechanoluminescence, electrical conductivity and antimicrobial properties are imparted by advances in polymers, hydrogels, ceramics dental materials and composites. Filler loading, light penetration, layer thickness and curing protocols play an important role in determining the printability, dimensional stability and final performance. This book addresses challenges including the integration of these materials, microchannel fabrication and development of sustainable resins. Employing a radical resin design with integrated monitoring, adaptive exposure control, and standardized assessment can help unleash the mitigating potential of VPP for reliable manufacturing in biomedical devices, microfluidics, and multifunctionals.